What I propose
May 29, 2024
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Despite the desynchronization of clocks between frames of reference in relative motion, space and the flow of time must be considered absolute.
It is the total energy (E = m c2), and not the rest mass, that is invariant to a change of reference frame.
It is the change in energy of atomic clocks that explains their delay when they are given a speed.
Gravitation modifies rest mass. The new laws proposed explain the results of the basic experiments used to test the theory of general relativity.
The gravitational field can be seen as a distribution of energy throughout space. The gravitational interaction consists of an exchange of energy between gravitational sources and the global field created by these sources.
The proposed field model explains the fundamental law of dynamics and the pilot wave imagined by Louis de Broglie.
The approach adopted for the gravitational field can be transposed to the electrostatic field. In addition, the electrostatic field can be considered to be induced by the appearance of the gravitational field of the proton and electron during the decay of a neutron.
Being retired, I have a lot of free time at my disposal, which is conducive to the imagination. Since 2017, I've been rethinking a theory that never convinced me: special relativity.
I became convinced that the dilation of time between Galilean reference frames was not a simple paradox, but a real contradiction.This led me to devise a new approach to relativity that avoided the real deformation of space and time.
A big problem at first sight: this approach forces us to abandon the invariance of mass by change of reference frame and to replace it with the invariance of Einsteinian total energy (which includes kinetic energy). One of the consequences of this is that an atomic clock at rest and an atomic clock in motion (whose caesium atoms have a greater total energy) do not beat at the same rate!
Nonetheless, I decided to look into this option and I quickly realised that it was a promising one for dealing with the question of universal gravitation: we can consider that if, in a gravitational field, clocks are delayed as they approach the source, it is because their rest energy increases.
The hypothesis that gravitation has an effect on rest mass led me to formulate laws that do not imply any deformation of space and time, but which are different from Newtonian laws. With the new laws, we can easily explain the results of the basic experiments in general relativity: Mercury's perihelion shift, deviation of light rays in the vicinity of the sun, gravitational spectral shift (Pound and Rebka experiment), Shapiro effect.
Taking this a step further, I have devised a simple structure for the gravitational field (allowing us to recover the Schwarzschild radius) which leads us to establish a link between variation in the field and variation in the velocity of the source body (since the energy changes). The fundamental law of dynamics follows from this. Gravitational mass and inertial mass are undoubtedly identical.
Then came the idea that the gravitational field is adjusted by a constant flow of energy back and forth, carried by gravitational waves (of a different type to those of general relativity). In the frame of reference where the source body of the field is fixed, these waves create a standing wave.
Surprise! (not really, in fact). In a reference frame where a particle is in motion, the wave associated with the particle's gravitational field has the characteristics of Louis De Broglie's pilot wave. The motion of a particle could therefore be entirely controlled by the gravitational field associated with it.
What's more, this opens the door to quantum mechanics: the wave (which is a very real physical wave) verifies an equation close to Schrödinger's equation, based on the total energy of the particle.
The approach adopted for the gravitational field can be transposed to the electrostatic field. By analysing the decay of the free neutron, we can derive the creation of the electrostatic field from the gravitational field associated with the proton and electron.
Other possible consequences concern the dark matter enigma and the discrepancy between the expansion velocities of the primordial universe and the current universe.
Another basic phenomenon of quantum mechanics is entanglement. Can it be explained classically? This is what I propose for photon polarisation.
17/12/2022 Another approach to relativity
The theory of special relativity and the theory of general relativity use deformations of space-time to explain physical phenomena such as the shifting of clocks in motion or subject to different gravitational actions.
This study shows that it is possible to construct an alternative theory that does not involve deformations of space and time, if we agree to reconsider the principle of invariance of rest mass.
Reading it does not require any in-depth mathematical knowledge, just an understanding of the basic concepts of special relativity and general relativity. It also assumes familiarity with the main experimental verifications of these theories.
In particular, the study proposes laws describing weak-field gravitation that do not require the curvature of space-time. It shows that these laws can correctly explain the physical phenomena that serve as a test of general relativity: Mercury's perihelion shift, the curvature of light rays, the gravitational spectral shift (Pound and Rebka experiment), and the Shapiro effect.
08/12/2023 Gravitational field, Fundamental principle of dynamics
and Quantum Mechanics
The first chapter presents a gravitational field model consistent with the laws of gravitation from the previous study.
The field has a physical reality. The gravitational interaction consists of an exchange of energy between the sources and the global field created by these sources. A mechanism for refreshing the field constantly adapts it to variations in the energy of its source.
The second chapter of this study aims to answer the following question: can we deduce the fundamental principle of dynamics from the properties attributed to the gravitational field?
The answer is yes, by linking the variation in velocity to the variation in the gravitational field.
The third chapter seeks to relate the concept of wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics to the concept of the gravitational field.
The idea is that the gravitational wave, which adjusts the field, has characteristics that enable it to play the role of a pilot wave (as introduced by the theory of De Broglie and Bohm) and thus explain the wave behaviour of the particle.
18/01/2024 Electrostatic field. Connection with the gravitational field
The approach adopted for the gravitational field can be transposed to the electrostatic field: electrostatic interaction results from an exchange of energy between charged particles and the global field they create.
By analysing the decay of the free neutron, it is possible to derive the creation of the electrostatic field from the gravitational field associated with the proton and the electron. The final energy of the electron results from the loss of energy it undergoes as it moves away in the electrostatic field.
The parameters of the field (energy and limiting radius of action) are characterised by their product, which is constant and is related to the fine structure constant.
29/06/2021 Extension of the laws of gravitation
Black holes. Gravitational spectral shift
This note answers the following questions:
1. How can the laws of gravitation be extended outside the weak field conditions in which they were established? 2. What are the consequences for black holes?
3.What are the consequences for the spectral shift of a gravitational source?
09/05/2020 Polarization and entanglement of photons
In this note, we show that a new approach to the notion of photon polarisation makes it possible to recover the basic results of quantum mechanics with regard to entanglement.
The probabilization of the results does not reflect a fundamental indeterminacy inherent in the photon, but comes from taking into account a polarization model that introduces dispersion around a principal direction.
Although this approach cannot be described as non-local, it allows us to recover the results of experiments carried out on entangled photons. We explain why there is no contradiction with Bell's theorem.
12/01/2020 Cosmological consequences
Is it possible to explain the discrepancy between measurements of the expansion velocities of the primordial universe and the present-day universe?
Possibly: for a given spectral shift, the speed of recession given by our theory is lower than that of special relativity.
Should neutrinos be reinstated as candidates for the answer to the dark matter enigma?
In fact, in the formulation of the laws of gravitation that we are proposing, it is no longer the mass of the bodies in presence that comes into play (as in Newtonian gravitation) but their energy.
23/04/2018 Delay of atomic clocks
In the note of 22/12/2020, we saw that the hypothesis of the conservation of energy by change of Galilean reference frame leads to an absence of time dilation between reference frames. The delay observed in experiments with an atomic clock set in motion compared with a clock that has remained stationary or moved in a gravitational field can only be explained by admitting that the energy level influences the rhythm of the clock.
If T denotes the period of a clock at rest and T' the period of the same clock set in motion at speed u, we have : T'/T = E'0/E0 = ϒ =1/(1- u2/c2)1/2
We show that this result can be explained by simple reasoning.